| The Most Honourable The Marquess of Salisbury KG GCVO CB PC |
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|---|---|
| Leader of the House of Lords | |
| In office 27 April 1925 – 4 June 1929 |
|
| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Parmoor |
| Lord Privy Seal | |
| In office 6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929 |
|
| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | John Robert Clynes |
| Succeeded by | James Henry Thomas |
| In office 17 October 1903 – 4 December 1905 |
|
| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Prime Minister | The Marquess of Salisbury Arthur Balfour |
| Preceded by | Arthur Balfour |
| Succeeded by | The Marquess of Ripon |
| Lord President of the Council | |
| In office 24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924 |
|
| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister | Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | Arthur Balfour |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Parmoor |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | |
| In office 24 October 1922 – 25 May 1923 |
|
| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister | Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | Sir William Sutherland |
| Succeeded by | J. C. C. Davidson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 23 October 1861 London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 4 April 1947 (aged 85) London, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Cicely Gore (1867-1955) |
| Alma mater | University College, Oxford |
James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, CB, PC (23 October 1861 – 4 April 1947), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1868 to 1903, was a British statesman.
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Born in London, Salisbury was the eldest son of Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, by his wife Georgina (née Alderson). The Right Reverend Lord William Cecil, Lord Cecil of Chelwood and Lord Quickswood were his younger brothers and Prime Minister Arthur Balfour his first cousin. He was educated at Eton and University College, Oxford.
Lord Salisbury sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Darwen from 1885 to 1892 and for Rochester from 1893 to 1903, when he succeeded his father and entered the House of Lords. He served under his father and then his cousin Arthur Balfour as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1900 to 1903 and under Balfour as Lord Privy Seal from 1903 to 1905 and as President of the Board of Trade in 1905. In 1903 he was sworn of the Privy Council.
Salisbury played a leading role in opposing David Lloyd George's People's Budget and the Parliament Bill of 1911. In 1917 he was made a Knight of the Garter. He returned to the government in the 1920s and served under Andrew Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1922 to 1923, as Lord President of the Council from 1922 to 1924, as Lord Privy Seal from 1924 to 1929 and as Leader of the House of Lords from 1925 to 1929. He resigned as leader of the Conservative peers in June 1931 and became one of the most prominent opponents of Indian Home Rule in the Lords, supporting the campaign against the legislation waged in the House of Commons by Winston Churchill.
Salisbury was part of two parliamentary deputations which called on the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Neville Chamberlain, in the autumn of 1936 to remonstrate with them about the slow pace of British rearmament in the face of the growing threat from Nazi Germany. The delegation was led by Sir Austen Chamberlain, a former Foreign Secretary and its most prominent speakers included Winston Churchill, Leo Amery and Roger Keyes.
He was also Lord High Steward at the coronation of George VI in 1937.
Lord Salisbury married Lady Cicely Gore, second daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, in 1887. They had four children:
Lord Salisbury died in April 1947, aged 85, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Robert. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in February 1955.
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